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Socket-weld flanges (SW flanges) provide a smooth, high-strength connection without the need for threaded joints or full-penetration welds. The pipe is inserted into the socket until it abuts the shoulder, then backed out by 1/16 inch to allow for thermal expansion and contraction, after which a fillet weld is applied on the outside. The static strength of SW flanges is comparable to that of other types, while their fatigue life is improved by approximately 50%, making them particularly suitable for piping systems subject to frequent pressure or temperature fluctuations.

Weld-neck flanges are a widely used connection method in the industrial sector, particularly in piping, valves, equipment, and machinery.

A blind flange (BL flange, blank flange) is simply a solid circular disc with bolt holes. It has no bore and no raised face—just a forged flat plate that is bolted between two flanges to shut off fluid flow, isolate a pipeline, or provide an access port for pressure testing. Because it is initially manufactured as a forged blind flange blank, with grain flow extending through the entire thickness, its pressure rating is fully compatible with the corresponding weld-neck or slip-on flange—except that, in this case, fluid flow has been completely stopped.

Socket-weld flanges (SW flanges) provide a smooth, high-strength connection without the need for threaded joints or full-penetration welds. The pipe is inserted into the socket until it abuts the shoulder, then backed out by 1/16 inch to allow for thermal expansion and contraction, after which a fillet weld is applied on the outside. The static strength of SW flanges is comparable to that of other types, while their fatigue life is improved by approximately 50%, making them particularly suitable for piping systems subject to frequent pressure or temperature fluctuations.

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